Modelled processes

Soil temperature

Precipitation routing

Snow water (accumulation and melting)

Soil water (drainage and runoff)

Evaporation from soil and wet leaves

Canopy evapotranspiration

Water outflow

Radiation

Sunlight interception by leaves and penetration to ground

Photosynthesis: daily fluxes (phenology)

Maintenance respiration

N uptake, deposition and fixation

Growth respiration

Distribution of carbon and nitrogen to growing plant parts

N leaching

Phenology

Plant decomposition

Carbon allocation

Plant mortality

Fire

One dimensional model: no cell interaction

No competition between PFTs

Monthly precipitation

Monthly evaporation

Monthly temperature

Frozen ground

Carbon aggregation and disaggregation processes

Carbon fractionation in five carbon pools

Carbon degradation

POM decomposition

Leaching of HUM and BIO

Carbon turnover

Canopy hydrology

Snow hydrology (accumulation and melt, compaction, water transfer between layers)

Surface runoff, storage, and infiltration

Soil water (Redestribution of water within the column, sub-surface drainage)

Groundwater-soil water interactions

Glacier runoff

Lake temperatures and fluxes

Canopy radiative transfer

Momentum, Sensible heat and latent heat fluxes

- Radiative fluxes: Absorption, reflection and transmittance of solar radiation

Absorption and emission of longwave radiative fluxes

Heat transfer in soil and snow

Urban energy balance and climate

Dynamic global vegetation

Carbon and nitrogen pools,

Vegetation carbon and nitrogen allocation, and respiration

External Nitrogen Cycle (including deposition, biological fixation, denitrification, leaching, losses due to fire)

Methane production, oxidation, and emissions

Carbon isotopes

Photosynthesis & stomatal conductance

Vegetation phenology

Soil and litter decomposition

Plant mortality

Fire ignition and suppression

4 land units (glacier, lake, urban, vegetated (+ crop)

16 PFTs (including bare ground) + 1 for irrigation model + 6 form crop model

Columns for soil and snow layers

Crop dynamics and irrigation

Urban model

Dust mobilization and deposition

Soil water flow

Surface water

Drainage and deep percolation

Salt tracer

Irrigation

Potential transpiration

Interception

Soil heat processes

Soil evaporation

Plant water processes

Root water uptake

Nitrogen above ground processes

Carbon above ground processes

Nitrogen below ground processes

One dimensional model with variable soil layers

Flow equation

Hydraulic properties

Soil hydraulic functions

Hysteresis

Water mass transfer

Water flow

Heat transport

Root water uptake

Root solute uptake

Hydrological mass balance

Nitrogen mass balance

Dilution

Land use change

Soil hydrology

Soil moisture

Canopy hydrology

Surface hydrology (infiltration, surface runoff)

Snow hydrology(zero or multi-layer, snow albedo)

Soil water fluxes

Soil hydraulic characteristics

Surface energy balance

Momentum and heat fluxes

Canopy heat capacity

Photosynthesis & stomatal conductance

Surface evaporation (Soil, canopy, snow, bare soil)

Albedos (all-band and spetral)

Urban energy balance

Soil thermal characteristics and thermodynamics

Canopy radiation interception

Sunfleck penetration

Upscaling to canopy (stomata or leaf)

Vegetation dynamics (growth and competition, biophysical parameters)

Leaf phenology

Canopy layer photosynthetic capacity

Leaf biochemistry

Ozone effects on photosynthesis

Plant respiration

Soil carbon

Methane emissions from wetlands

5 PFTs plus four non-vegetated types (urban, inland water, bare soil, land ice)

several PFTs per land grid boxes possible

Water budget

Evapotranspiration and evaporation

Surface runoff

Water fluxes in the soil (soil moisture and drainage)

River runoff routing

Irrigation

Interactions with floodplains

Snow pack processes

Surface energy balance

Sensible and latent heat

Soil heat flux,

Vegetation dynamics

Photosynthesis & stomatal conductance

Carbon allocation

Autotrophic respiration

Heterotrophic respiration

Phenology

(leaf onset and senescence)

Turnover

13 PFTs, (10 for natural vegetation, 2 for C3 and C4 crops, bare soil)

Atmospheric water

Snow cover and melt

Precipitation

Humidity

Surface runoff

Evapotranspiration

Soil water

Groundwater (Recharge, Base flow, Height, Deep Aquifer)

Water quality

Water routing

Solar radiation

Temperature

Growth cycle

Optimal growth

Nitrogen

Phosphorus

Pesticides (incl. transport, in-stream transformations)

Bacteria (incl. transport, routing)

Carbon

Watershed based

Sediment erosion

Management (general, water, septic systems)

Percolation (net precipitation)

Cation exchange

Carbonate equilibrium

Al-hydroxide equilibrium

Turnover of soil organic matter

N immobilisation

N mineralisation

Nitrification

Denitrification

Single soil layer

Mass balance

Charge balance