Modelled processes
Here we list the processes modelled by the selected models.
Model list
Biome-BGC
Hydrology |
Energy |
Biopyhysical vegetation processes |
Biochemical processes |
Surface characterization |
Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soil temperature Precipitation routing Snow water (accumulation and melting) Soil water (drainage and runoff) Evaporation from soil and wet leaves Canopy evapotranspiration Water outflow |
Radiation Sunlight interception by leaves and penetration to ground Photosynthesis: daily fluxes (phenology) |
|
Maintenance respiration N uptake, deposition and fixation Growth respiration Distribution of carbon and nitrogen to growing plant parts N leaching Phenology Plant decomposition Carbon allocation Plant mortality Fire |
One dimensional model: no cell interaction No competition between PFTs |
Mass balance check |
CAST
Hydrology |
Energy |
Biopyhysical vegetation processes |
Biochemical processes |
Surface characterization |
Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Monthly precipitation Monthly evaporation Monthly temperature Frozen ground Tilling |
|
Carbon aggregation and disaggregation processes Carbon fractionation in five carbon pools Carbon degradation POM decomposition Leaching of HUM and BIO Carbon turnover Dynamic determination of bulk density and porosity |
CLM
Hydrology |
Energy |
Biopyhysical vegetation processes |
Biochemical processes |
Surface characterization |
Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Canopy hydrology Snow hydrology (accumulation and melt, compaction, water transfer between layers) Surface runoff, storage, and infiltration Soil water (Redestribution of water within the column, sub-surface drainage) Groundwater-soil water interactions Glacier runoff Lake temperatures and fluxes River runoff routing |
Canopy radiative transfer Momentum, Sensible heat and latent heat fluxes - Radiative fluxes: Absorption, reflection and transmittance of solar radiation Absorption and emission of longwave radiative fluxes Heat transfer in soil and snow Urban energy balance and climate |
Dynamic global vegetation |
Carbon and nitrogen pools, Vegetation carbon and nitrogen allocation, and respiration External Nitrogen Cycle (including deposition, biological fixation, denitrification, leaching, losses due to fire) Methane production, oxidation, and emissions Carbon isotopes Photosynthesis & stomatal conductance Vegetation phenology Soil and litter decomposition Plant mortality Fire ignition and suppression Carbon isotope fractionation |
4 land units (glacier, lake, urban, vegetated (+ crop) 16 PFTs (including bare ground) + 1 for irrigation model + 6 form crop model Columns for soil and snow layers Transient land cover change |
Crop dynamics and irrigation Urban model Dust mobilization and deposition Land cover and land use change |
COUP
Hydrology |
Energy |
Biopyhysical vegetation processes |
Biochemical processes |
Surface characterization |
Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soil water flow Surface water Drainage and deep percolation Salt tracer Irrigation Potential transpiration Interception Snow dynamics |
Soil heat processes Soil evaporation Radiation processes |
Plant water processes |
Root water uptake Nitrogen above ground processes Carbon above ground processes Nitrogen below ground processes Carbon below ground processes |
One dimensional model with variable soil layers |
HYDRUS
Hydrology |
Energy |
Biopyhysical vegetation processes |
Biochemical processes |
Surface characterization |
Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flow equation Hydraulic properties Soil hydraulic functions Hysteresis Water mass transfer Water flow Solute transport |
Heat transport |
Root water uptake |
Root solute uptake |
INCA
Hydrology |
Energy |
Biopyhysical vegetation processes |
Biochemical processes |
Surface characterization |
Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hydrological mass balance In-stream processes |
|
Nitrogen mass balance Dilution Natural decay |
Land use change |
JULES
Hydrology |
Energy |
Biopyhysical vegetation processes |
Biochemical processes |
Surface characterization |
Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soil hydrology Soil moisture Canopy hydrology Surface hydrology (infiltration, surface runoff) Snow hydrology(zero or multi-layer, snow albedo) Soil water fluxes Soil hydraulic characteristics Soil moisture heterogeneit |
Surface energy balance Momentum and heat fluxes Canopy heat capacity Photosynthesis & stomatal conductance Surface evaporation (Soil, canopy, snow, bare soil) Albedos (all-band and spetral) Urban energy balance Soil thermal characteristics and thermodynamics Canopy radiation interception Sunfleck penetration |
Upscaling to canopy (stomata or leaf) Vegetation dynamics (growth and competition, biophysical parameters) Leaf phenology |
Canopy layer photosynthetic capacity Leaf biochemistry Ozone effects on photosynthesis Plant respiration Soil carbon Methane emissions from wetlands Vegetation carbon content and Leaf area Index |
5 PFTs plus four non-vegetated types (urban, inland water, bare soil, land ice) several PFTs per land grid boxes possible Columns for soil and snow layers |
ORCHIDEE
Hydrology |
Energy |
Biopyhysical vegetation processes |
Biochemical processes |
Surface characterization |
Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Water budget Evapotranspiration and evaporation Surface runoff Water fluxes in the soil (soil moisture and drainage) River runoff routing Irrigation Interactions with floodplains Snow pack processes Interactions with groundwater tables |
Surface energy balance Sensible and latent heat Soil heat flux, Solar, infrared, net radiation |
Vegetation dynamics |
Photosynthesis & stomatal conductance Carbon allocation Autotrophic respiration Heterotrophic respiration Phenology (leaf onset and senescence) Turnover Fire |
13 PFTs, (10 for natural vegetation, 2 for C3 and C4 crops, bare soil) Different PFTs |
SWAT
Hydrology |
Energy |
Biopyhysical vegetation processes |
Biochemical processes |
Surface characterization |
Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atmospheric water Snow cover and melt Precipitation Humidity Surface runoff Evapotranspiration Soil water Groundwater (Recharge, Base flow, Height, Deep Aquifer) Water quality Water routing Water bodies |
Solar radiation Temperature Wind speed |
Growth cycle Optimal growth |
Nitrogen Phosphorus Pesticides (incl. transport, in-stream transformations) Bacteria (incl. transport, routing) Carbon Nutrient transport |
Watershed based Division into subbasins |
Sediment erosion Management (general, water, septic systems) Urban areas |
VSD+ suite
Hydrology |
Energy |
Biopyhysical vegetation processes |
Biochemical processes |
Surface characterization |
Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percolation (net precipitation) |
Cation exchange Carbonate equilibrium Al-hydroxide equilibrium Turnover of soil organic matter N immobilisation N mineralisation Nitrification Denitrification Input: S deposition, N uptake, fixation, deposition, litterfall, Base cation net uptake, deposition, weathering |
Single soil layer |
Mass balance Charge balance |